Blood test glossary
What each marker on a lab report measures, what it is usually read alongside, and what changes the number.
Reference ranges, by lab
What Mayo Clinic, Labcorp and Quest each state, for which population and method, with the source linked.
- Cortisol reference range
- DHEA-S reference range
- Estradiol (E2) reference range
- FSH reference range
- Free testosterone (direct) reference range
- LH reference range
- Progesterone reference range
- Prolactin reference range
- SHBG reference range
- Total testosterone reference range
- Free T4 reference range
- TSH reference range
- Ferritin reference range
- Glucose reference range
- HbA1c (NGSP) reference range
- Hematocrit reference range
- Total PSA reference range
- Vitamin B12 reference range
Hormonal
- 17-OH pregnenolone
- 17-OH progesterone
- ACTH
- Adrenaline (plasma)
- Androstenedione
- Beta-hCG
- Bioavailable testosterone
- Cortisol
- DHEA
- DHEA-S
- DHT
- Dopamine (plasma)
- Estradiol (E2)
- Estrone (E1)
- FSH
- Free testosterone %
- Free testosterone (calculated)
- Free testosterone (direct)
- Growth hormone (GH)
- IGF-1
- LH
- Noradrenaline (plasma)
- PTH (intact)
- Pregnenolone
- Progesterone
- Prolactin
- SHBG
- Total testosterone
- Urinary free cortisol
- Urinary free cortisol (24h)
Thyroid
- Anti-TPO antibodies
- Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
- Free T3
- Free T4
- Free T4 index (T7)
- Reverse T3
- T3 uptake
- TSH
- Total T3
- Total T4
Iron
Metabolic
- Albumin
- Apolipoprotein A1
- Apolipoprotein B
- Atherogenic index (TC/HDL)
- BUN (urea nitrogen)
- BUN/creatinine ratio
- Bicarbonate (total CO2)
- Calcium (total)
- Chloride
- Creatinine
- Creatinine clearance
- Cystatin C
- Estimated average glucose (mg/dL)
- Estimated average glucose (mmol/L)
- Fructosamine
- Glucose
- HDL cholesterol
- HOMA-IR
- HbA1c (IFCC)
- HbA1c (NGSP)
- Insulin
- LDL cholesterol
- LDL/ApoB ratio
- LDL/HDL ratio
- Lipoprotein(a)
- Magnesium
- Non-HDL cholesterol
- Phosphate
- Potassium
- Remnant cholesterol
- Sodium
- Total cholesterol
- Triglycerides
- Triglycerides/HDL ratio
- Urea
- Uric acid
- Urine glucose
- Urine ketones
- VLDL cholesterol
- eGFR (CKD-EPI)
Liver
- ALP
- ALT
- AST
- Albumin %
- Albumin/globulin ratio
- Bilirubin (direct)
- Bilirubin (total)
- GGT
- Total protein
- Urine bilirubin
- Urine urobilinogen
Blood count
- Basophils
- Basophils %
- ESR (1h)
- Eosinophils
- Eosinophils %
- Hematocrit
- Hemoglobin
- Lymphocytes
- Lymphocytes %
- MCH
- MCHC
- MCV
- MPV
- Monocytes
- Monocytes %
- Neutrophils
- Neutrophils %
- Nucleated red blood cells (absolute)
- Nucleated red blood cells (per 100 WBC)
- PDW
- Plateletcrit
- Platelets
- RDW
- Red blood cells
- Reticulocytes
- White blood cells
Other
- APTT
- APTT ratio
- Aldolase
- Alpha-1 globulin
- Alpha-1 globulin %
- Alpha-2 globulin
- Alpha-2 globulin %
- Anti-tTG IgA
- Beta-1 globulin
- Beta-1 globulin %
- Beta-2 globulin
- Beta-2 globulin %
- CK
- CK-MB
- CRP
- D-dimer
- Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)
- Folate
- Free PSA
- Free/total PSA ratio
- Gamma globulin
- Gamma globulin %
- Globulin
- INR
- IgA
- IgE
- IgG
- IgG subclass 1
- IgG subclass 2
- IgG subclass 4
- IgM
- NT-proBNP
- Phadiatop (inhalant screen)
- Prothrombin activity
- Prothrombin time
- Total PSA
- Troponin I (hs)
- Urine nitrites
- Urine pH
- Urine protein
- Urine protein (24h)
- Urine protein excretion (24h)
- Urine specific gravity
- Urine volume (24h)
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin D (25-OH)
- Zinc
- hs-CRP